Abstract: This study focuses on the sustainable development of electric power renewable energy against the backdrop of energy transition, systematically reviewing the three-stage evolution of China’s renewable energy development and its policy support system, highlighting the pivotal role of electric power renewable energy in optimizing energy mix and environmental protection. Advancements in energy storage technologies, particularly lithium-ion batteries, have emerged as crucial factors in balancing the intermittency of renewable energy sources and enhancing the flexibility of power systems. Facing challenges such as technological barriers, economic considerations, and social acceptance, this study proposes that the government should clarify policy directions, strengthen tax incentives and R&D funding; while the power industry should actively introduce advanced energy storage technologies to improve system flexibility and deepen international cooperation to jointly advance the global green energy transition. This research not only enriches the relevant theoretical framework but also provides both theoretical and practical guidance for policy formulation and industry development. Read More

Abstract: Historically, due to variations in reservoir geological conditions, production technologies, and the duration of extraction across different oil and gas fields, the produced water exhibits a highly complex composition, significant quality fluctuations, and severe emulsification. Furthermore, as the water cut in mature oilfields worldwide continues to rise, the rate of produced water reinjection has failed to keep pace. Consequently, the volume of oily produced water requiring discharge from these mature fields is increasing steadily. In this context, ensuring that the treated effluent meets regulatory discharge standards has emerged as a critical challenge for wastewater treatment projects in such oilfields. Currently, the application of high-efficiency reverse demulsifiers represents a highly effective approach to address the challenge of destabilizing these difficult-to-treat produced water emulsions. Read More

Abstract: As a new energy storage technology, calcium-carbon mineral battery has become a research hotspot because of its advantages of low cost, high safety, potential long cycle life and abundant resources. In this paper, the technical principle, performance characteristics and application potential of calcium-carbon mineral battery in renewable energy storage are systematically analyzed. Calcium-carbon mineral batteries are made of calcium-based materials and carbon-based conductive agents. The working voltage is 2.0-3.5V, the theoretical energy density is 200-400 Wh/kg, which can actually reach 100-250 Wh/kg, and the cycle life can reach 500-1000 times under laboratory conditions. It has high safety, low cost and excellent performance in the range of -20℃ to 60℃. In terms of application scenarios, calcium-carbon batteries are suitable for a variety of settings, including grid-scale, distributed, and mobile energy storage. They can effectively smooth the fluctuations in renewable energy generation, provide stable power to remote areas, and enhance the driving range of electric vehicles. Economic evaluations show that the levelized cost of storage (LCOS) for calcium-carbon batteries is $68/kWh, significantly lower than the $92/kWh for lithium-ion batteries. However, calcium-carbon batteries still face challenges in commercialization, such as technical bottlenecks, an imperfect market and policy environment, and an immature industrial chain. In the future, further optimization of materials and processes, improvements in battery performance, and the establishment of stronger policy support systems will be necessary to promote the widespread adoption of calcium-carbon batteries. Read More

Abstract: Distributed energy trading demands high scalability, low latency, and high reliability from the underlying consensus mechanism. However, traditional algorithms represented by Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), when applied to large-scale, geographically dispersed energy networks, face two core bottlenecks: first, the inherent O(N²) communication complexity results in massive network overhead and poor scalability; second, the assumption of node homogeneity ignores the heterogeneity of real-world nodes, impacting consensus efficiency and system robustness. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an improved consensus algorithm, G-PBFT (Geohash-based Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance). To address the scalability bottleneck, the algorithm first employs a geo-aware and latency-optimized intelligent grouping mechanism to partition the large-scale network into multiple low-latency consensus groups. Furthermore, to handle node heterogeneity, the algorithm introduces a multi-dimensional reputation-based dynamic representative election mechanism. By quantitatively evaluating the comprehensive performance of nodes, it ensures the selection of optimal nodes to lead the consensus, naturally forming an efficient two-layer consensus architecture. Simulation results demonstrate that G-PBFT exhibits comprehensive advantages in scalability and robustness. Compared to standard PBFT and various mainstream improved algorithms, G-PBFT maintains a stable throughput of approximately 200 TPS and an average latency below 220ms in a heterogeneous wide-area network with up to 220 nodes. Additionally, comparative experiments in heterogeneous network environments prove that the proposed reputation-based election mechanism can effectively ensure the system's robustness and efficiency, avoiding the catastrophic performance collapse that may result from random election. In conclusion, G-PBFT provides an efficient, scalable, and robust consensus solution for large-scale, … Read More

Abstract: Against the backdrop of accelerating global industrialization, the significance of gas sensors in environmental pollution monitoring, energy security, and medical diagnostics has become increasingly prominent. Metal oxide semiconductors, such as SnO₂, have emerged as core materials due to their low cost and high sensitivity, yet they face limitations such as insufficient room-temperature sensitivity and humidity interference. The introduction of two-dimensional materials like graphene offers novel approaches to enhance gas-sensing performance, improving sensor capabilities through mechanisms such as heterojunction formation and increased adsorption sites. The hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis method has become a mainstream approach for preparing SnO₂/r-GO composites, owing to its operational simplicity and material uniformity. This paper primarily reviews its derivative methods, including the "separate preparation and subsequent synthesis method" and the "co-preparation method." Research indicates that these methods can significantly enhance the sensor's response value, selectivity, and stability towards target gases. Read More

Abstract: The soft-switching performance of LLC resonant converter is closely related to the design parameters. The core contradiction lies in the strong coupling characteristics between the parameters of the resonant cavity and the spatial dislocation between the soft-switching range and the optimal efficiency. In this paper, a multi-objective collaborative design framework based on particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of performance mutual exclusion caused by parameter coupling, and the global optimal solution of key parameters is searched by building a fitness function of joint optimization of efficiency, gain bandwidth and soft switching range. In order to solve the problem of limited soft switching range under light load and wide input voltage conditions, an improved genetic algorithm is introduced to establish a gradient search mechanism for soft switching boundary constraints, which can expand the operating range of zero voltage switching while maintaining the efficiency balance. The research results reveal the inherent relationship between the static parameter system and the adaptability of dynamic conditions, and provide a systematic design paradigm for the engineering realization of high reliability LLC converters. Read More

Abstract: As an important unconventional natural gas resource, in-depth research on coalbed methane (CBM) is of great significance. By synthesizing relevant literature, this paper expounds the concept, genetic types, and accumulation mechanisms of CBM, conducts a detailed analysis of the characteristics and distribution laws of CBM reservoirs, discusses the current status and challenges of CBM exploration and development technologies, summarizes the environmental impacts of CBM development and corresponding response strategies, and looks forward to future research directions. The purpose is to comprehensively sort out the research progress in the field of CBM and provide a reference for subsequent in-depth research and development practices. Read More

Abstract: The new quality productivity of energy is a major technical decision we have made in the field of energy in the face of a new round of scientific and technological revolution, and has recently gained a lot of academic attention. In order to explore the research hotspots and evolution directions in the field of new energy productivity, this paper is selected from 224 articles collected by CNKI in the field of new energy productivity from 2014 to 2024, based on CiteSpace bibliometric software, the articles in this field were visually analyzed from the number of published papers, keyword co-occurrence and its clustering and evolution, and the cooperation network of authors and their institutions. From the research results, it can be seen that the number of published papers shows a steady growth trend, but the cooperation between scholars and institutions needs to be further strengthened. In addition, it can be seen from the results obtained from the co-occurrence of keywords that scientific and technological innovation, energy transition, and digitalization are the current research hotspots. Future research should focus on research methods, research perspectives, academic exchanges, and resource integration. Read More

Abstract: Obtaining quantitative relationships for oil spill spreading is crucial for emergency decision-making, but existing laboratory studies have limitations in replicating natural turbulence and acquiring field data. To address this deficiency, this study integrates unmanned aerial vehicle large-scale particle image velocimetry (UAV-LSPIV), a lightweight U-Net network, and morphological segmentation algorithms (contour accuracy of 85%) to establish a dynamic on-site monitoring system for oil spills. Lake experiments quantified three phases static diffusion (800 mL expanded rapidly to 9.72 ± 0.24 m² within 30 s, grew by +5.6 m² during 30–60 s, and stabilized near 18 m² after 70 s.), while river experiments revealed shear-driven shuttle-shaped evolution across three flow regimes (0.68–1.50 m·s-1). Small spills (200 mL) exhibit 0.001–0.005 m·s-1 faster equilibrium velocities compared to larger spills. The methodology provides a paradigm for field oil spill experiments and a field-validated dataset, which is of significant importance for improving oil spill models and emergency response. Read More

Abstract: After a large number of distributed power sources are connected to the traditional distribution network, it faces problems such as unstable voltage, uneven current load, and large power fluctuations, which directly affect the stability and reliability of the system. In order to effectively address these issues, both academia and industry have proposed the concept of hybrid AC/DC power distribution networks. The AC/DC hybrid distribution network combines the advantages of AC/DC transmission to achieve more efficient energy transmission and more flexible power flow regulation, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the power grid. Due to the high inrush and fast transmission characteristics of DC fault currents in hybrid AC/DC distribution networks, the need for protection is urgent. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the fault characteristics of a hybrid AC/DC distribution network. Taking the four-terminal flexible DC hybrid distribution network as the research object, the fault characteristics and their influences at each stage are analyzed. Read More