Abstract: This paper reviews the geological uniqueness and enrichment regularity of shale gas reservoirs in China, analyzes the patterns of shale gas formation under different geological backgrounds, discusses the main controlling factors affecting the enrichment of shale gas, and proposes potential directions for future exploration and development of shale gas. The study shows that the patterns of shale gas formation in China are diverse and are jointly controlled by multiple factors such as sedimentary environment, diagenesis, and later tectonic movements. Read More

Abstract: Accurate short-term load forecasting is vital for the stable operation of power systems. Given the highly volatile and nonlinear nature of load sequences, we propose a novel Deep Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (DBiLSTM) network incorporating Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and an attention mechanism to address the aforementioned challenges. In this study, the model's hyperparameters are optimized using an Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) technique. Notably, IPSO employs a nonlinearly decreasing inertia weight to overcome the drawbacks of premature convergence and local optima. Read More

Abstract: At present, in the context of global energy transition, China is actively promoting the construction of a high-proportion renewable energy power system, but it faces multiple challenges. First of all, the increasing demand for new energy installed capacity and the challenge of power balancing ability make the system operation face complexity and uncertainty. Secondly, the reshaping of market mechanisms and business models, as well as complex challenges at the technical level, are also constraints. The key technologies involved include innovation and application in simulation analysis and mechanism cognition, system construction, energy frame and stability control. Read More

Abstract: With the growth in energy consumption, problems such as environmental pollution and resource depletion are becoming more and more prominent, and the sustainable use of energy resources and sustainable economic and social development can be achieved only through scientific forecasting and effective management. Forecasting the changing trend of energy consumption structure can guide the government and society to take corresponding measures for environmental protection and sustainable development, and reduce the negative impact of energy consumption on the environment. Based on the current development situation of commodity energy in rural households in Sichuan Province and related consumption data, this paper uses the grey prediction model and Markov model to predict the consumption and consumption structure of commodity energy in rural households in Sichuan Province. It is found that among the four types of commodity energy consumed by rural households in Sichuan Province, the consumption of electricity shows exponential and growth, and it is expected that the consumption of electricity by rural households in Sichuan Province from 2022 to 2025 will be 3,316,166, 3,582,203, 3,886,622, and 4,216,240 tonnes of standard coal, respectively. Meanwhile, using Markov chain to predict the consumption structure, it is found that under the no-planning constraint scenario, the share of energy consumption of electricity and natural gas is increasing, while the share of energy consumption of coal and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) will be decreasing, and the shares of energy consumption of coal, electricity, natural gas, and LPG will be 1.97 per cent, 75.82 per cent, 26.36 per cent, and 0.02 per cent, respectively, by 2030. Read More

Abstract: The economic losses and health hazards caused by soil pollution cannot be overlooked. Unlike air and water pollution, soil pollution is often neglected due to its hidden nature, and people tend to overlook the presence of pollution because they cannot see contaminants with the naked eye. Therefore, to achieve prevention and control of soil pollution, it is necessary to actively utilize soil pollution detection methods and monitoring technologies to enhance the intensity of soil protection, thereby ensuring the safety of the soil environment and human health. The article explores specific detection and monitoring technologies. Read More

Abstract: With the growing global energy demand and the pursuit of renewable energy, biomass and coal co-pyrolysis has attracted much attention as a potential energy conversion technology. In order to optimize energy utilization and increase renewable energy yield, this research systematically analyzed the effects of different biomass and coal combinations on pyrolysis products. The effects of different biomass and coal combinations on the products in the co-pyrolysis process were solved through mathematical modeling. Firstly, the linear regression model shows that INS has a significant positive effect on the yield of tar and coke residue. Then, through the interaction effect analysis, it was found that there was an interaction effect between INS and the mixing ratio. Finally, the optimal INS content and mixing ratio were obtained by optimizing the model, which improved the utilization rate and energy conversion efficiency of the pyrolysis products. Read More

Abstract: China has abundant reserves of coalbed methane, shale gas and tight gas, which are widely distributed and constitute an important part of China's unconventional oil and gas resources. If only a single gas is developed, it will be difficult to exploit, with low output and economic benefits. Therefore, the technology of "three-gas combined production" of coal measures is of great significance to increase the degree of reserve utilization, reduce the development layer size, and increase the gas production and mining life of a single well. In this paper, CMG numerical simulation software is used to numerically simulate and analyze the interlayer interference of coal measure "three-gas combined production" well, and the factors such as daily gas production and cumulative gas production, pressure field and gas saturation distribution of single-layer and three-gas combined production are respectively compared and analyzed, which provides reference for the knowledge of productivity law of "three-gas" combined production and the analysis of interlayer interference factors. Read More

Abstract: China deeply promotes the implementation of new energy gas vehicle national strategy, new energy automobile industry continues to develop healthily, and gradually become an important force to promote the transformation and upgrading of the global automobile industry. In order to understand the impact of various domestic factors on the development of new energy vehicles, this paper firstly adopts the Delphi method to establish the index system of new energy vehicle development, and establishes the XGBoost-SHAP evaluation model to explore the development of China's new energy vehicles; secondly, it adopts the GA-biLSTM prediction model to forecast the time sequence of the comprehensive development indexes of new energy vehicle industry. Finally, through the social impact analysis of new energy vehicles, a simulation model is established to explore the impact of new energy vehicles on the ecological environment. Read More

Abstract: Hydrogen doping in natural gas pipelines is one of the means to realize large-scale, long-distance and low-cost hydrogen transportation, but hydrogen doping in natural gas pipelines has brought about non-negligible impacts on pipeline operating conditions, safety and maintenance, etc., and has certain potential safety hazards. To this end, the technical research and engineering application of hydrogen doping in natural gas pipelines at home and abroad are discussed, and the main factors affecting the safe transportation of hydrogen doping in natural gas pipelines are discussed, i.e., physical changes of natural gas caused by hydrogen doping, hydrogen failure, and uneven mixing. The results show that the hydrogen doping of natural gas puts new requirements on the existing pipe materials, and relevant experiments need to be carried out in order to reveal the mechanism of hydrogen failure, and whether gas aggregation occurs after the shutdown of hydrogen-doped natural gas pipelines is closely related to whether hydrogen failure occurs in the pipelines or not. The above results clarify the risks of hydrogen-doped transportation, which can provide a reference for the promotion of large-scale hydrogen-doped mixing and transmission projects and practical operation. Read More

Abstract: Downhole throttling technology relies on downhole throttling to achieve the purpose of wellbore throttling and pressure reduction. Compared with surface throttling, downhole throttling can not only use ground temperature heating, effectively prevent the shaft and wellhead from freezing, but also reduce the wellhead pressure and save the cost of surface pipeline. It solves many technical problems in the process of gas well production, and plays a key role in energy saving and safety production of gas well. At present, a set of mature calculation methods have been developed for the production calculation of conventional gas Wells. However, for throttle gas Wells, due to the influence of fluid accumulation, the accuracy of conventional calculation method is low, which leads to a large error in the selection of throttle size. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the downhole throttling technology and optimize the parameters of downhole throttling. Read More

Abstract: Low liquid content gas-liquid two-phase flow is widely present in wet natural gas pipelines and is one of the typical phenomena of gas-liquid two-phase flow. Liquid hydrocarbons and free water are consistently produced during the natural gas extraction and transportation processes due to factors such as pressure differentials and temperature fluctuations, leading to a low liquid-holdup pipe flow. Previous research has shown that this reduced liquid retention significantly increases pressure loss compared to single-phase gas flow. Accurately predicting pressure drop is crucial for the selection of pipeline size, pipe material, and pressurization equipment. At the same time, the liquid holdup rate is also an important parameter that determines the frequency of natural gas pipeline cleaning and the design of downstream equipment. Therefore, this article mainly focuses on the characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase flow with low liquid content during wet natural gas transportation. This article studies the gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns and different gas-liquid interface models in the literature. This article mainly compares and analyzes three low liquid content gas-liquid two-phase flow models in the literature. Read More

Abstract: In order to clarify the imbibition law of shale oil after fracturing with guanidine gum and nano-slickwater, this study quantitatively analyzed the imbibition efficiency of shale core under different time periods of two kinds of fracturing fluids through the imbibition experiment of natural shale core and nuclear magnetic resonance test technology, and preliminarily understood the microscopic crude oil production characteristics of pore throat of shale imbibition. The experimental results show that the imbibition oil removal efficiency of nano-slick water reaches 34.7 %, which is higher than that of guanidine gum fracturing fluid. In the high imbibition efficiency stage of rock samples, within 6 h of the beginning of the experiment, the small pore porosity reaches 20.8 %, the large pore and fracture reach 30 %, and the final imbibition oil displacement rate can reach 31.7% and 39.6 %. The development of micro-fractures and bedding fractures is beneficial to improve the imbibition efficiency. With the extension of time, the imbibition rate gradually decreases, and the utilization degree of pore throat is limited. Read More

Abstract: Fracturing operations in oil and gas wells are one of the main measures to increase production. Fracturing flowback fluid has the characteristics of high viscosity, high COD value, and containing multiple chemical reagents, making it difficult to treat. It has become one of the main pollutants in oil fields. Directly discharging untreated fracturing fluid can cause serious pollution to the environment and soil. Therefore, in-depth research on the treatment methods of fracturing flowback fluid is of great significance for environmental protection and cost reduction in oil and gas fields. This article systematically analyzes the sources, components, pollution characteristics, and treatment status of fracturing flowback fluid. The efficient treatment of fracturing flowback fluid using a microalgae aerobic bacteria mixed culture system was conducted, and the mechanism of algae bacteria symbiotic treatment of oily wastewater and the mechanism of microalgae aerobic bacteria mixed culture purification of fracturing flowback fluid were analyzed in depth. Read More

Abstract: This paper focuses on the total factor water resources utilization efficiency (WRUE) as the research object, employing the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) model based on the transcendental logarithmic production function to measure the WRUE of nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin of China from 2012 to 2021, obtains WRUE values for each province. And then, we perform a regression analysis of influencing factors using the Tobit model. The results indicate that: (1) The average value of WRUE of nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin is 0.541, which deviates greatly from the fully effective frontier of SFA, with an overall downward trend during the study period. (2) There is a significant polarization of WRUE among the provinces. Inner Mongolia exhibits the highest WRUE at 0.978, close to the SFA efficient frontier, while Ningxia has the lowest WRUE at only 0.314; the remaining provinces display efficiency values between 0.4 and 0.6. (3) Among the influencing factors affecting the WRUE, the value added of the primary industry, per capita disposable income, and the number of reservoirs have a significant positive impact on the WRUE. In contrast, the value added of the secondary industry, local financial environmental protection expenditures, comprehensive water supply production capacity, and per capita daily water consumption negatively affect the WRUE. Read More